INDIA

India

India is a country of Asia.

ESSENTIAL DATA

One often speaks about Indian sub-continent  to evoke the Indian peninsula. The relief of India is marked by the presence of part of the Himalayas  (the highest assembly line of the world) and of  3 immense rivers: Indus, Gange (a river crowned for the hindouists) and Brahmapoutre. The climate is characterized by  monsoons  (violent rains of summer).

India is the 2 ^E country more populated world  (after China): its population represents nearly 17 % of the world population. More than  1 600 ethniques communities  and more than  3 000 languages and dialects  (18 are official languages) cohabit on the territory of India. The Indian company is characterized by  the system of the castes, i.e. a social organization in which the hierarchical order depends in particular on heredity and the religion.

Agriculture is the principal economic branch of industry of India, which is the 2 ^E producing world of  rice.

India
Name	Indian union
Population	1 095 352 000 inhabitants in 2006
Capital	New Delhi (11 680 000 inhabitants)
Surface	3 165 596 km²
Administrative cutting	28 States, 7 territories of the Union
Principal cities	Calcutta/Kolkata (13 216 546 inhabitants)
	Bombay/Mumbai (11 914 398 inhabitants)
	Delhi (12 791 458 inhabitants)
	New Delhi (11 680 000 inhabitants)
	Madras (6 424 624 inhabitants)
	Bangalore (5 686 844 inhabitants)
	Hyderabad (5 533 640 inhabitants)
	Ahmedabad (4 519 278 inhabitants)
	Kanpur (2 690 486 inhabitants)
	Nagpur (2 122 965 inhabitants)
Currency	Indian rupee
Official languages	hindi
	English
	assamais
	bengali
	gujarati
	kashmiri
	marathe
	oriya
	pandjabi
	sindhi
	ourdou
	Sanskrit
	tamoul
	télougou
	will kannara
	malayalam

A HISTORIC INSIGHT

Age of Indus  east one of the first which knows the Indian peninsula, from 2500 to 1800 before J-C approximately. The history of India is then marked by  the Aryan invasions: these people from Central Asia are at the origin of  the system of the castes. Gradually, the political organization evolves/moves, with the appearance of republics and kingdoms. In the same way, the hindouism  then  Buddhism  become the principal religions. Following the kingdom of Magadha, which is at the origin of  a first unification of India,  the dynasties  follow one another, in particular Maurya and Gupta (which is regarded as the golden age of the traditional culture in India). Of  the xi ^E  to  the xvii ^E centuries, the country is subjected to  the Moslem invasions and mogholes.

European colonization  (Portugal, Holland, France and Great Britain) starts as of  the xvi ^E century. It is finally  the British Empire  which manages to dominate the country.The first revolts against this authority take place in 1849. They are continued by  Mohandas Gandhi  in the years 1920 and 1930. India obtains its  independence in 1947. However, the country knows since many  religious and territorial conflicts.

TO GO FURTHER

? Asia
? the largest town of India:  Bombay

? colonizing Europe to  the xix ^E century
? decolonization
? Mohandas Gandhi

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